Panic disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders that is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks or fear. Even when there is no obvious threat or trigger, these attacks are characterized by a rapid wave of panic, discomfort, or a sense of losing control. It usually begins in late teens or early adulthood and affects 2.1-4.7% of people.
The likelihood of developing panic disorder is higher in women than in men.
The panic attack begins suddenly, and the symptoms peak within minutes and may include :
Palpitations, accelerated heart rate
Sweating
Shaking
Shortness of breath
Choking or smothering sensation
Chest pain
Nausea or abdominal distress
Fear of losing control
Fear of death
Fear or avoidance of situations or places where panic attacks occurred previously
Chills
Hot flashes
Feeling dizzy or fainting
Visit a Psychiatrist to be diagnosed and treated properly, If you or one of your family have any of these symptoms
The cause of the panic disorder is unknown. Several factors may contribute to developing the disease but it’s thought that it’s related to genetic factors as it runs in some families. There’s a 40% risk of developing the disease if one of the first-degree relatives has the disease.
The diagnosis depends on the symptoms and physical examination and tests to rule out any other conditions such as hyperthyroidism that may cause similar symptoms.
· Physical examination and laboratory tests : To exclude any other condition causing these symptoms.
· Psychiatrist assessment : The Psychiatrist assesses the mental state of the patient by talking about the symptoms and their frequency, knowing the medical history, and using specific criteria to diagnose the patient.
Medications and psychotherapy are the main approaches for the treatment of the panic disorder.
Psychotherapy :
· Cognitive behavioral therapy: A type of psychotherapy that teaches the patients how to deal with negative thoughts and behaviors to avoid panic attacks.
Medications :
Many medications can be used to decrease or prevent the symptoms.
· Antidepressants (ex : Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Amitriptyline).
· Anti-anxiety medications (ex : Alprazolam, Midazolam, Clonazepam).
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