Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complex condition in which persistent excessive, and severe vomiting occurs in pregnancy. In severe cases, it may lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This condition may result in negative pregnancy outcomes which may include preterm birth and low-birth weight. Although nausea and vomiting are common in pregnancy and affect up to 80% of pregnant women, hyperemesis gravidarum affects only 0.3-3.6% of all pregnancies worldwide.
Severe and prolonged nausea and vomiting
Dehydration
Feeling tired
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Decreased urination
Weight loss (5% of pre-pregnancy weight)
Visit your Gynaecologist if you have any of these symptoms to be diagnosed and treated properly
The cause of this condition is still unknown. Some factors may be related to the occurrence of this condition such as hormonal changes during pregnancy, and genetic and psychological factors.
Risk factors :
History of prior pregnancy affected by hyperemesis gravidarum
Pregnancy with more than one fetus
Female fetus
Young age
High and low body mass index
History of psychiatric illness
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis depends on the presence of confirmed pregnancy in addition to symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Other diagnostic tools are used such as :
Laboratory tests (blood and urine sample are taken to examine the level of some substances to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other health conditions).
Ultrasound (an imaging procedure in which ultrasound waves are used to produce an image of the needed area to exclude other health conditions).
The goal of treatment is to improve the symptoms and reduce the risk for both the mother and fetus. Several treatment options may be used according to the case such as :
Ginger supplements
Acupressure and acupuncture : Applying pressure on specific parts of the body such as the wrist to activate small nerves to decrease nausea and vomiting.
Medications : Many medications can be used to improve the symptoms and they may be oral or intravenous or suppositories according to the case (ex : Doxylamine succinate & pyridoxine hcl(vitamin b6), Diphenhydramine, Prochlorperazine, Metoclopramide, Ondansetron).
Intravenous fluids
Enteral or parenteral nutrition
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