Periodic limb movement disorder


Description

Periodic limb movement disorder was also known as sleep-related myoclonus syndrome or nocturnal myoclonus syndrome. It’s a type of sleep disorders in which repetitive stereotypic movements of the legs or upper limbs occur. Up to 11% of adults and 8% of children are affected by this disorder. This condition occurs in 80% of restless legs syndrome patients.

Symptoms

The movement symptoms are usually reported by the bed partner.

Repeated stereotypic movements of the legs (ex: flexion of the hip and knee, extended big toe)
Kicking of legs at night
Frequent awakenings due to movements of limbs
Daytime fatigue
Daytime sleepiness
Insomnia
Visit a Neurologist to be diagnosed and treated properly, If you or one of your family have any of these symptoms


Causes

The exact cause of this condition is unknown. Several factors may be associated with or increase the risk of periodic limb movement disorder occurrence.

Risk factors :

Family history of restless legs syndrome
Restless legs syndrome
Iron deficiency
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Obstructive sleep apnea
Narcolepsy
Spinal cord tumor
Certain medications (ex: some antidepressants, some anti-nausea medications)

Diagnostics

Periodic limb movement disorder is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagnosis depends on the symptoms and polysomnography in which limb movements are detected provided that these movements cause sleep disturbance in the absence of other sleep or mental disorders.

Polysomnography : A type of sleep study in which several parameters such as brain waves, heart rate, and oxygen levels are monitored during sleep to help in diagnosis.


Treatment

Several medications can be used for controlling this condition (ex : Clonazepam, Melatonin, Valproate, Selegiline chloride).
Avoid using antidepressants triggering this condition and use a safe one (Bupropion, Trazodone).
Treating iron deficiency anemia in children

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